Chapter #14.5 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. How is the risk of extraterrestrial impact determined? Get solution

2cyu. How might near-Earth objects (NEOs) be identified? Get solution

3cyu. Explain how the risk of dying from an asteroid impact is greater than the risk of a car accident. Get solution

4cyu. How might the hazard of an extraterrestrial impact be minimized? Get solution

Chapter #14.4 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Explain the various hazards linked to a large extraterrestrial impact in the future. Get solution

Chapter #14.3 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Define mass extinction. Get solution

2cyu. What are the hypotheses for the cause of mass extinctions? Get solution

3cyu. When was the greatest mass extinction in Earth’s history? Get solution

4cyu. What is the cause of the K-Pg mass extinction, and what is the main evidence to support the event? Get solution

5cyu. What is the main evidence supporting the hypothesized Younger Dryas impact event? Get solution

6cyu. Assuming that the hypothesized Younger Dryas impact is correct, what would the consequences be if such an event were to happen in the future? Get solution

Chapter #14.2 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Define airburst. Get solution

2cyu. Where is Tunguska? What happened there? Why is it important to our discussion of natural hazards? How often do events like this one occur? Get solution

3cyu. Describe the general characteristics of an impact crater. How can it be distinguished from other types of craters? Get solution

4cyu. Why does Earth apparently have so few impact craters? Get solution

5cyu. Differentiate between simple and complex craters. Get solution

6cyu. Why was Barringer Crater controversial, and why is it important? Get solution

7cyu. Explain the significance of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. Get solution

9cyu. What is punctuated uniformitarianism? Get solution

Chapter #14.1 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Explain how our solar system formed. Get solution

2cyu. Describe the differences between an asteroid, meteor, comet, meteoroid, and meteorite. Get solution

3cyu. What are meteorites and comets made of? Get solution

4cyu. Where do comets and asteroids originate? Get solution

Chapter #14 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1ctq. Summarize what has been learned from the 1908 impact in Russia. Get solution

2ctq. Describe the likely results if a Tunguska-type event were to occur over or in central North America. If the event were predicted with 100 years’ warning, what could be done to mitigate the effects, if changing the object’s orbit were not possible? Outline a plan to minimize death and destruction. Get solution

3ctq. How would the effects of an asteroid impact in water differ from those of an asteroid impact on land? Consider what would happen physically and chemically with water and how the impact craters might differ. Get solution

4ctq. Compare the velocity of an asteroid or comet, seismic waves, and sound waves. Why do they differ? Get solution

5ctq. How did the effects of the impact at the K-Pg boundary differ from the proposed airburst at the Younger Dryas boundary? How are the two events. Get solution

Chapter #13.7 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. List ways in which communities can make adjustments to the wildfire hazard. Get solution

2cyu. Suggest several ways that individuals can prepare for the wildfire hazard. Get solution

Chapter #13.6 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Define fire regime. Get solution

2cyu. Define prescribed burns, and explain why they are part of fire management. Get solution

3cyu. What is the argument for and against the 2003 Healthy Forests Restoration Act? Get solution

Chapter #13.5 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Why is wildfire necessary for some plants and animals? Get solution

2cyu. Was the impact from the 1988 wildfires in Yellowstone harmful or beneficial? Why? Get solution

Chapter #13.4 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. How does burned vegetation and soil interact to repel water? Get solution

2cyu. What is dry ravel? Get solution

3cyu. Describe the process of sediment flushing following wildfire. How common is the flushing? Get solution

4cyu. Why might high-magnitude debris flows occur following wildfire? Get solution

5cyu. Decribe how wildfire affects air and water quality. Get solution

6cyu. How is wildfire linked to climate change? Get solution

Chapter #13.3 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Which North American regions are most vulnerable to wildfire? Get solution

2cyu. Why does the risk shift from year to year? Get solution

Chapter #13.2 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Define wildfire. Get solution

2cyu. How are wildfires related to plant photosynthesis and decomposition? Get solution

3cyu. What are the major gases and solid particles produced by a wildfire? Get solution

4cyu. What are the three requirements for fire to start and for combustion to continue? What happens when one of these requirements is removed? Get solution

5cyu. Describe the three phases of a wildfire. Get solution

6cyu. Explain how processes in the preignition phase prepare plant material for combustion. Get solution

7cyu. What are sources for the initial ignition of wildfires? How often does ignition occur? Get solution

8cyu. Explain how the two types of combustion differ. How do the processes of combustion differ from those of ignition? Get solution

9cyu. What are the three processes of heat transfer in a wildfire? Get solution

10cyu. Link the types of fuel to wildfire behavior. Get solution

11cyu. How does topography influence a wildfire? Get solution

12cyu. Describe the weather conditions that are most favorable for wildfires. Get solution

13cyu. Describe the three types of fire. Get solution

Chapter #13.1 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. How has the nature of wildfires and human interaction changed over geologic and historic time? Get solution

2cyu. What was the cause of the Peshtigo Fire in 1871, and why was it such a catastrophe? Get solution

3cyu. Why did the Indonesian fires of 1997–1998 have such a widespread impact? Get solution

Chapter #13 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1ctq. You live in an area with a significant wildfire hazard. What can you to do protect your home and belongings from fires? Make a list of actions you can take to protect yourself. Get solution

2ctq. A large national park is reviewing its fire policy. As a wildfire expert, you have been asked for advice. The park’s current policy is to suppress all fires as soon as they begin. It does not use prescribed burns and is considering switching to a policy of allowing natural burns. What would you suggest? List the pros and cons of each policy before making your decision. Get solution

3ctq. Most discussion of the wildfire hazard focuses on the potential destruction, injury, or death that can take place from the flames. Discuss the hazards to humans and the environment that come from the smoke produced by wildfires. Get solution

Chapter #12.8 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What two big questions concerning Earth’s climate system are linked to people and environment? Get solution

2cyu. Define abrupt climate change. Get solution

3cyu. Compare the three common fossil fuels in terms of carbon released. Get solution

4cyu. If we control greenhouse gas emissions (especially carbon dioxide) in the next few decades, why might we not see real improvements for years, decades, or even 100 years after significant control? Get solution

Chapter #12.7 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What have we learned from the Medieval Warm Period? Get solution

2cyu. Why is it difficult to predict future climate change? Get solution

Chapter #12.6 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. How are glaciers and sea ice changing in the Arctic and Antarctic? Get solution

2cyu. How might global warming change the intensity and frequency of violent storms? Describe the process. Get solution

3cyu. What are the two main physical processes in the warming of seawater that cause sea-level rise? Get solution

4cyu. How is global warming affecting the occurrence of wildfires? Get solution

5cyu. How does ocean acidification occur, and why is it a potentially significant problem? Get solution

6cyu. How is global warming influencing the biosphere, and how is life adapting? Get solution

Chapter #12.5 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What is meant by global warming? Get solution

2cyu. What are the major greenhouse gases? Explain how the greenhouse effect works. Get solution

3cyu. What are Milankovitch cycles, and why are they important? Get solution

4cyu. Define climate forcing. What can you conclude from studying climate forcings in the last ice age with climate forcings in the industrial age? Get solution

5cyu. Explain the ocean conveyor belt. Get solution

6cyu. What is the impact of solar forcing since the Industrial Revolution? Get solution

7cyu. Define volcanic forcing. Get solution

8cyu. Give examples of anthropogenic forcing. Get solution

9cyu. What are the three lines of evidence that support the hypothesis that anthropogenic forcing rather than natural forcing is responsible for most of the warming in the past few decades? Get solution

Chapter #12.4 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. For climate data, define and differentiate between the instrumental record, the historical record, and the paleo-proxy record. Get solution

2cyu. Describe several sources of paleo-proxy climate data. Get solution

3cyu. Why is the study of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere so important? Get solution

4cyu. What are global climate models, and why are they important? Get solution

Chapter #12.3 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What are the major permanent and variable gases in the atmosphere? Get solution

2cyu. Define glacier and list the main hazards associated with glaciers. Get solution

Chapter #12.2 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Distinguish weather from climate. Get solution

2cyu. What are the two main variables used to define climate zones? What other factors influence climate in a region? Get solution

3cyu. How is climate classification useful to understanding natural hazards? Get solution

Chapter #12.1 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Define Earth system science and describe its goals. Get solution

Chapter #12 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1ctq. In this chapter, we discussed some possible effects of continued global warming. Which types of hazards would you expect to increase in your area as the climate changes? Would you expect to see any decrease in the types of hazards? Think about the ways that climate change might alter the lives and lifestyles of people living in your area. Do you see any evidence of climate change where you live? Get solution

2ctq. Assessing the rate and cause of change is important in many disciplines. Have a discussion with a parent or someone of similar age and write down the major changes that have occurred in his or her lifetime and in your lifetime. Characterize these changes as gradual, abrupt, surprising, chaotic, or another descriptive word of your choice. Analyze these changes, and discuss which ones were most important to you personally. Which of these changes affected your environment at the local, regional, or global level? Get solution

3ctq. How do you think climate change is likely to affect you in the future? What adjustments will you have to make? What can you do to mitigate the effects? Get solution

4ctq. Some people, for cultural, political, religious, or other reasons, do not accept the conclusion that climate change is primarily caused by human activities. What do you see as the basis for their opinions or beliefs? How do you think that they might be convinced otherwise? If you share their opinions or beliefs, indicate why you do and what it would take to convince you that climate change is the result of human activities. Get solution

Chapter #11.10 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What are the main adjustments to managing coastal erosion? Get solution

2cyu. What are the attributes of adaptive management? Get solution

3cyu. What are the goals of integrated coastal zone management? Get solution

4cyu. What are E-lines and E-zones? Get solution

5cyu. Why was moving the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse successful? Get solution

6cyu. Could erosion control measures for Pointe du Hoc in France be widely applied to other eroding sea cliffs? Why or why not? Get solution

Chapter #11.9 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. How can a seawall increase beach erosion? Get solution

2cyu. Why are beach groins used? What problems can groins cause? Get solution

3cyu. Why do breakwaters and jetties cause beach erosion problems? Get solution

4cyu. What are the advantages and disadvantages of beach nourishment? Get solution

5cyu. What is coastal zone bioengineering, and what are its advantages and possible shortcomings? Get solution

Chapter #11.8 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Describe the main causes of erosion at Assateague Island, located just south of Ocean City on Fenwick Island. Get solution

2cyu. What factors affect the severity of erosion on Great Lake shorelines? How applicable are these factors to general coastal erosion? Get solution

Chapter #11.7 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. List some of the natural service functions of beaches. Get solution

Chapter #11.6 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. How are coastal processes linked to other hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and flooding? Get solution

2cyu. Describe the role of coastal processes in moving the oil from the 2010 Gulf giant oil spill. Get solution

Chapter #11.5 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. How are rip currents produced, and how can you escape from one? Get solution

2cyu. Why is the beach budget such a valuable tool in risk analysis for coastal erosion? Get solution

3cyu. Assume there are several beach homes near point X in our beach budget example. What advice would you give them based on the calculations? What would be your response if there were high-rise coastal resorts near point X? Get solution

Chapter #11.4 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. List factors that help determine the rate of coastal erosion at a particular beach. Get solution

2cyu. Why are average rates of erosion at the regional scale useful but difficult to interpret? Get solution

Chapter #11.3 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Define relative and eustatic sea level rise, and explain the corresponding coastal hazards. Get solution

2cyu. How does sea level change temporarily for very short periods of hours or days? Get solution

Chapter #11.2 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What three factors determine the size of waves? Get solution

2cyu. What are rogue waves? Get solution

3cyu. Define wave height, wavelength, wave period, and wave energy. Get solution

4cyu. What is wave refraction? Get solution

5cyu. Define plunging and spilling breakers. Get solution

6cyu. What defines a beach? Get solution

7cyu. What is littoral transport? Get solution

8cyu. Differentiate between beach drift and longshore drift. Get solution

Chapter #11.1 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. How does plate tectonics influence coastlines? Get solution

2cyu. What are the most serious coastal hazards? Get solution

Chapter #11 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1ctq. Do you think that human activity has increased coastal erosion? Outline a research program that could test this question. Get solution

2ctq. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: (1) All structures in the coastal zone, with the exception of critical facilities, should be considered temporary and expendable. (2) Any development in the coastal zone must be in the best interest of the general public rather than the few who developed the oceanfront. Explain your position on both statements. Get solution

3ctq. You have been asked by a coastal community to evaluate the feasibility of a beach nourishment project. Describe the types of information that you would require for your evaluation and how you would determine how often nourishment will be needed in the future. Get solution

4ctq. Compare and contrast the shoreline features of the tectonically active and passive coasts of the United States, and describe how coastal hazards differ in the two coasts that you have evaluated. Get solution

5ctq. Assume you are living on a barrier island in the Gulf of Mexico that is experiencing rapid urbanization. Nearly everyone wants to live near the edge of the ocean, in other words, as close to the water as possible. It is expected that, in 10 years, the number of homes and people will increase dramatically from a few hundred now to a few thousand. You are hired by the community to help evaluate land use and potential effects of coastal erosion. What advice would you give to the communities on the barrier island, and what sorts of data would you need to gather to make conclusions concerning future land use? In addition, how would you handle the people problems? That is, how would you talk to people about erosion and what the consequences are likely to be and how the process might be minimized? Get solution

Chapter #10.9 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Describe the adjustments that people need to make when living in hurricane-prone areas. Get solution

Chapter #10.8 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What are the five main tools used to predict hurricanes and extratropical cyclones? Get solution

2cyu. How do hurricane watches and warnings differ? Get solution

Chapter #10.7 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Explain how population trends and global warming will interact with cyclones in coastal areas. Get solution

Chapter #10.6 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What is the primary natural service function cyclones provide the western United States? Get solution

2cyu. Briefly sumarize the contribution of cyclones to the health and diversity of Earth. Get solution

Chapter #10.5 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Explain how cyclones are linked with other natural hazards. Get solution

Chapter #10.4 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What are three major causes of hurricane damage? Which is typically the most deadly? Get solution

2cyu. Why are wind speeds the highest in the right forward quadrant of a hurricane? Get solution

3cyu. Explain the causes and effects of storm surges. What will cause a storm surge to increase? Get solution

Chapter #10.3 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Where are tropical cyclones most common, and why? Get solution

2cyu. Which areas of the United States and Canada have the highest risk for hurricanes? Get solution

3cyu. How do the chances of a Category 1 hurricane making landfall in the U.S. South (Florida–Georgia) compare with that in the Northeast (New York–Massachusetts)? Get solution

Chapter #10.2 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What are easterly waves, and how are they related to tropical cyclones? Get solution

2cyu. What are the four requirements for a tropical disturbance to become a hurricane? Get solution

3cyu. What factors control the path a hurricane takes in the Atlantic Ocean? Get solution

4cyu. Explain the atmospheric factors needed for the formation of an extratropical cylcone. Get solution

Chapter #10.1 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Describe the basic characteristics of a cyclone. What distinguishes a tropical cyclone from an extratropical cyclone? Get solution

2cyu. What is the primary way that hurricanes are classified? Give an example. Get solution

3cyu. What is the basic requirement that a storm must meet to be given a name? Get solution

4cyu. How many named tropical storms preceded Hurricane Sandy in 2012? Get solution

Chapter #10 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1ctq. If you had to evacuate your home and go to a nearby public shelter, where would it be? If you had to evacuate your home and travel at least 160 km (~100 mi.) from where you live, where would you go? What would you take with you in either case? What problems might you or your community face in an evacuation (e.g., people in poor health or with disabilities, people without a means of transportation, visitors, pets, domesticated animals)? What would be your concerns? Get solution

2ctq. The southern tip of Florida has a very large area of marsh and swampland—the Everglades—and a large lake, Lake Okeechobee. Based on your understanding of how a hurricane works, what effect would these wetlands have on a hurricane that was tracking across southern Florida? What effect would the hurricane have on Lake Okeechobee? Get solution

3ctq. What conditions required for hurricane development could explain why hurricanes generally do not form between 5° N and 5° S of the equator, or in the southeastern Pacific and South Atlantic Oceans? Get solution

4ctq. Obtain a topographic map (see Appendix C) for an ocean beach you visit or for an urban area along the Atlantic shore or Gulf Coast. Shade or color the area that would be affected by a 5 m (~20 ft.) storm surge. Examine your completed map and assess the damage that would occur, the routes people would take for evacuation, and land-use restrictions you would recommend for future development. Get solution

Chapter #9.9 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What is the difference between a severe weather watch and warning? Get solution

2cyu. How do preparedness planning and mitigation differ? Get solution

3cyu. List ways to personally prepare for a severe weather event. Get solution

Chapter #9.8 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Describe some of the natural service functions of severe weather. Get solution

Chapter #9.6 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. How is global warming expected to affect severe weather? Get solution

2cyu. Explain how drought, soil moisture, and a heat wave can be interrelated. Get solution

3cyu. What causes the urban heat island effect? How can this effect be mitigated? Get solution

Chapter #9.5 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What are the conditions necessary for both thunderstorms and severe thunderstorms to form? Describe the three stages of thunderstorm development. Get solution

2cyu. What are supercells, mesoscale convective systems? and squall lines? How do they differ? Why are they significant natural hazards? Get solution

3cyu. Characterize a tornado in terms of wind speed, size, typical speed of movement, duration, and length of travel. Get solution

4cyu. Describe the five stages of tornado development. Get solution

5cyu. What is a blizzard? How does a blizzard develop? Get solution

6cyu. Describe the weather conditions that cause an ice storm. Get solution

7cyu. How are the heat index and wind chill temperature alike? How are they different? Get solution

Chapter #9.4 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Why does atmospheric pressure decrease with increasing altitude? Get solution

2cyu. What is the difference between stable and unstable air? Get solution

3cyu. Explain the Coriolis effect. How does it influence weather? Get solution

4cyu. Why is the polar jet stream stronger than the subtropical jet stream? Get solution

Chapter #9.3 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Describe the characteristics of the troposphere. How do meteorologists identify the top of the troposphere? Get solution

2cyu. What is the tropopause? How high is it above Earth’s surface? Get solution

3cyu. How do clouds form? Get solution

Chapter #9.2 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Describe how Earth’s energy balance works. Get solution

2cyu. What is electromagnetic energy? How are the different types of electromagnetic energy distinguished? Get solution

3cyu. List the following types of electromagnetic energy in order from shortest wavelength to longest wavelength: radio waves, ultraviolet radiation, gamma radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, X-rays, and microwaves. Get solution

4cyu. Explain why incoming solar radiation does not overheat the Earth, using the energy balance diagram (Figure 9.4). Get solution

5cyu. How is color related to energy absorption? Get solution

Chapter #9.1 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Describe the differences among force, work, and power. Get solution

2cyu. What are the three types of energy? How do they differ from one another? Get solution

3cyu. What is the difference between sensible heat and latent heat? Get solution

4cyu. What are the three types of heat transfer? How do they differ from one another? Get solution

Chapter #9 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1ctq. What severe weather events are potential hazards in the area where you live? What are some steps you might take to protect yourself from such hazards? Which of these hazards is your community the least prepared for? Get solution

2ctq. Tornadoes can often be spotted on weather radar, whereas many other clouds cannot. What makes tornadoes visible? Get solution

3ctq. Study the diagrams of cold fronts and warm fronts, and read the description about the development of ice storms. Explain why sleet (small pellets of ice) is more likely to accompany cold fronts than is freezing rain. Get solution

4ctq. Why does hail form in thunderstorms and not in other rainstorms or snowstorms? Get solution

5ctq. Has your community ever experienced a heat wave? If so, when did it occur and how were people affected? Does your community have a heat health warning system? If so, what actions do local officials and emergency personnel take when the system is activated? If not, what type of system would you recommend? What actions could you take to mitigate the effects of a heat wave on your living conditions? Get solution

Chapter #8.9 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What is the most appropriate adjustment to subsidence and soil volume change? Get solution

2cyu. What three main methods can help identify areas where soils prone to subsidence exist? Get solution

Chapter #8.6 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Describe the main natural service functions of subsidence and soil volume change. Get solution

Chapter #8.5 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. In what important ways do subsidence and soil volume changes link with other natural hazards? Get solution

Chapter #8.4 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. List the five main effects of subsidence and soil volume changes. Get solution

2cyu. What are some of the damages resulting from soil volume changes? Get solution

Chapter #8.3 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. List some areas in the United States that are particularly vulnerable to subsidence, and explain why. Get solution

Chapter #8.2 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Define subsidence. Get solution

2cyu. How is karst topography formed? Give some examples of karst features. Get solution

3cyu. Compare the different types of sinkholes. Get solution

5cyu. Why is the Mississippi River Delta subsiding? Get solution

6cyu. How are thermokarst, sediment and soil compaction, earthquakes, and drainage of magma linked to subsidence? Get solution

7cyu. What is expansive soil? Get solution

Chapter #8.1 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Define soil. Get solution

2cyu. Decribe the main soil horizons. Get solution

3cyu. What is relative soil profile development, and how is it useful in evaluating hazards? Get solution

4cyu. What is the role of water in soils? Get solution

5cyu. Explain the two primary ways that soils are classified. Get solution

6cyu. Why is soil erosion a serious problem? Get solution

7cyu. How are soil erosion rates determined? Get solution

Chapter #8 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1ctq. You are considering building a home in rural Kentucky. You know the area is underlain by limestone, and you are concerned about possible karst hazards. What are some of your concerns? What might you do to determine where to build your home? Get solution

2ctq. You work in the planning department in one of the parishes (counties) close to New Orleans. What would you advocate in the long term and in the short term to protect your community from subsidence and flooding? Consider both regional and local solutions to the problem. Get solution

3ctq. You have inherited a ranch house built on a concrete slab on clay soil in a suburb east of Denver, Colorado. How would you determine if the house is built on expansive soil? If you found that the soil was expansive, how would you minimize damage from the shrinking and swelling of the soil? Get solution

4ctq. You would like to build a home in a desert community in Arizona or New Mexico. What would you look for to determine if subsidence or soil volume change is a potential problem? What could you do to protect your investment? Get solution

5ctq. As a town council representative in a small village in New England or Ontario, Canada, you have been asked to approve a building permit on property that is partly underlain by silty glacial deposits and partly by a marsh. What questions should you ask the permit applicant regarding planned construction on the silty soil and the applicant’s proposal to drain and build on the wetland? Get solution

6ctq. Defend or criticize the contention that soil erosion is threatening our civilization, as it has done to previous societies that have disappeared or literally eroded away. Get solution

7ctq. What might be the reactive policies following sudden formation of a large collapse sinkhole measuring 200 m (~650 ft.) in diameter and 30 m (~100 ft.) deep in a housing area? How might these policies compare to proactive steps that could be taken before the event? Which plan of action is better? Why? Get solution

Chapter #7.7 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. List five signs you would look for as evidence of potential landslides if you were inspecting a piece of property and house for purchase. Get solution

2cyu. With the exception of buying property on a low-relief surface, what is the best thing you could do to minimize the probability of a landslide occurring on your land? Explain. Get solution

Chapter #7.6 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What types of surface features are associated with landslides? Get solution

2cyu. What are the main steps that can be taken to prevent landslides? Get solution

3cyu. Explain how a cut-and-fill operation can increase the safety factor of a particular slope. Get solution

Chapter #7.5 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Explain how timber harvesting, specifically clearcutting, affects the occurrence of landslides. Get solution

2cyu. How does road construction increase the occurrence of landslides? Get solution

3cyu. Explain how human activity in Rio de Janeiro has resulted in devastating landslides. Get solution

Chapter #7.4 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. List the different natural service functions of landslides. Get solution

2cyu. What role do mass wasting and erosion play in the mining of precious earth materials, such as gold and diamonds? Get solution

Chapter #7.3 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Explain how large landslides are related to flooding and tsunamis. Get solution

2cyu. How does the annual cost of damage due to landslides compare to other natural hazards? Get solution

Chapter #7.2 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Using Figure 7.21, explain the general distribution of regions at risk from mass wasting. Get solution

2cyu. Why is there little risk of mass wasting in the Midwest and Great Plains region of the United States? Get solution

3cyu. How might processes involved in urbanization increase or decrease the stability of slopes? Get solution

Chapter #7.1 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What are slope segments, and how do the common types of slope segments differ? Get solution

2cyu. What are the three main ways that materials on a slope may fail? Get solution

3cyu. What is the safety factor, and how is it defined? Get solution

4cyu. How do slumps (rotational slides) differ from soil slips and rock slides (translational slides)? Get solution

5cyu. How and where do debris flows occur? Get solution

6cyu. Name the five factors that affect driving and resisting forces on slopes, and explain how these are interrelated. Get solution

7cyu. What are the three ways that vegetation affects slope stability? Get solution

8cyu. What is the relationship between the downslope force and normal force? Get solution

9cyu. What are the two types of snow avalanches, and how do they differ? Get solution

Chapter #7 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1ctq. Your consulting company is hired by the national park department in your region to estimate the future risk from landsliding. Develop a plan of attack that outlines what must be done to achieve this objective. Get solution

2ctq. Why do you think that few people are easily swayed by technical information concerning hazards such as landslides? Assume you have been hired by a municipality to make its citizens more aware of the landslide hazard on the steep slopes in the community. Outline a plan of action and defend it. Get solution

3ctq. The Wasatch Front in central Utah frequently experiences wildfires followed by debris flows that exit mountain canyons and flood parts of communities built next to the mountain front. You have been hired by the state emergency management office to establish a warning system for subdivisions, businesses, and highways in this area. How would you design a warning system that will alert citizens to evacuate hazardous areas? Get solution

Chapter #6 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1ctq. You are a planner working for a community that is expanding into the headwater portions of drainage basins. You are aware of the effects of urbanization on flooding and want to make recommendations to avoid some of these effects. Outline a plan of action. Get solution

2ctq. You are working for a regional flood-control agency that has been channelizing streams for many years. Although bulldozers are usually used to straighten and widen the channel, the agency has been criticized for causing extensive environmental damage. You have been asked to develop new plans for channel restoration to be implemented as a stream maintenance program. Devise a plan of action that would convince the official in charge of the maintenance program that your ideas will improve the urban stream environment and help reduce the potential flood hazard. Get solution

3ctq. Does the community you live in have a flood hazard? If not, why not? If there is a hazard, what has been done or is being done to reduce the hazard? What more could be done? Get solution

4ctq. Your parents have recently heard about atmospheric rivers and past megafloods on a documentary film shown on television. They ask you what you think, having taken a course on natural hazards. How do you answer their question? Get solution

Chapter #5.9 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What methods have been used to control lava flows? Get solution

2cyu. Why was the evacuation prior to the Mount Pinatubo eruptions so successful? Get solution

3cyu. How has the risk from an eruption of Mount Vesuvius changed in the past two 2000 years? Get solution

Chapter #5.8 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Describe how seismic activity can indicate a forthcoming volcanic eruption. Get solution

2cyu. How is land surface monitoring used to detect volcanic activity? Get solution

3cyu. Explain the USGS alert notification system for volcanic eruptions. Get solution

Chapter #5.6 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What contribution to human and animal food supply do volcanoes provide? Get solution

2cyu. What is geothermal energy and what is it’s primary advantage over fossil fuels? Get solution

Chapter #5.5 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. How can volcanic eruptions affect the global climate? Get solution

2cyu. Why are volcanoes commonly linked with earthquake activity? Get solution

Chapter #5.4 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. Describe the primary and secondary effects of volcanic eruptions. Get solution

2cyu. Compare and contrast ash falls and pyroclastic flows. Get solution

3cyu. What are the major gases emitted in a volcanic eruption? How can they be hazardous? Get solution

4cyu. Explain how volcanoes can produce gigantic debris flows or mudflows. Get solution

Chapter #5.3 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What part of the United States has the greatest volcanic hazard, and why? Get solution

2cyu. Why is there no volcanic hazard on the East Coast of the United States and Canada? Get solution

Chapter #5.2 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. How is a volcanic crater different than a caldera? Get solution

2cyu. Describe the major types of volcanoes and their composition. Get solution

3cyu. What characteristic of a volcano controls its shape, and how? Get solution

4cyu. How are Icelandic-type and Hawaiian-type eruptions different and the same? Get solution

5cyu. Both stratovolcanoes and lava domes form in the same tectonic setting and have similar composition, but why do they have different explosive behavior? Get solution

6cyu. Explain how large caldera eruptions occur and why they are so dangerous. Get solution

Chapter #5.1 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1cyu. What is magma and where does it come from? Get solution

2cyu. Describe the physical and chemical changes that cause rocks to melt. Get solution

3cyu. What is the relationship between plate tectonics and the location of volcanoes? Get solution

4cyu. What is viscosity and what determines magma viscosity? Get solution

5cyu. Explain the relationship between magma composition, viscosity, and gas content. Get solution

Chapter #5 Solutions - Natural Hazards - Duane E DeVecchio, Edward A Keller - 4th Edition

1ctq. While looking through some old boxes in your grandparents’ home, you find a sample of volcanic rock collected by your great-grandfather. No one knows where it was collected. You take it to school, and your geology professor tells you that it is a sample of andesite. What might you tell your grandparents about the type of volcano from which it probably came, its geologic environment, and the type of volcanic activity that likely produced it? Get solution

2ctq. In our discussion of perception of and adjustment to volcanic hazards, we established that people’s perceptions and what they will do in case of an eruption are associated with both their proximity to the hazard and their knowledge of volcanic processes and necessary adjustments. With this association in mind, develop a public relations program that could alert people to a potential volcanic hazard. Keep in mind that the tragedy associated with the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz was in part due to political and economic factors that influenced the apathetic attitude toward the hazard map prepared for that area. Some people were afraid that the hazard map would lower property values in high-risk areas. Get solution

3ctq. You are going to take a scout troop to Hawaii to see the Kilauea volcano. Some children have seen documentaries of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and are afraid; others are fearless and want to try cooking on a lava flow. What will you tell the fearful scouts? Describe the safety precautions you will follow for all the scouts. Get solution

4ctq. Given what you know about the effects of a volcanic eruption and the linked natural hazards, where might you build your house if you were living near a composite volcano such as Mount Rainer in Washington? Get solution

5ctq. Do you think our current ability to monitor precursor events and predict an eminent eruption is sufficient for large populations to live on the flank of an active volcano? Why or why not? Get solution